ADHD Drug Guanfacine May Help 29M Americans Cut Drinking

A medication already sitting in medicine cabinets across America might hold the key to helping millions break free from alcohol addiction.

Researchers at Boston University School of Medicine have discovered that guanfacine, a drug currently used to treat ADHD, dramatically reduces heavy alcohol consumption without the risky side effects that have plagued other treatments. The finding offers fresh hope for the 29 million Americans living with alcohol use disorder, a condition that claims more than 140,000 lives each year.

The research team tested guanfacine against clonidine, an older drug that works on the same brain receptors. While both medications reduced drinking, clonidine caused dangerous drops in body temperature and increased sedation. Guanfacine achieved the same benefit without these risks.

Even more promising, guanfacine didn't dampen enjoyment of other rewards like sweet drinks. This suggests it specifically targets problem drinking rather than eliminating all pleasure, a crucial distinction for long-term treatment success.

The drug also improved memory and attention during alcohol withdrawal, addressing cognitive problems that often derail recovery. These improvements targeted executive function controlled by the prefrontal cortex, the brain region responsible for decision-making and self-control.

Scientists found that prolonged heavy drinking leaves two major brain centers in a state of chronic activation. This overactive state appears to drive both compulsive drinking and impaired thinking. Guanfacine helps restore balance to these systems.

Why This Inspires

Current treatment options for alcohol use disorder are limited and only modestly effective, leaving countless people without adequate help. This discovery could change that timeline dramatically because guanfacine is already FDA-approved for other uses.

"Because guanfacine is already approved for other uses, this work could accelerate clinical testing compared with developing a brand-new drug," explains Dr. Valentina Sabino, professor of pharmacology at the school. Developing new medications typically takes over a decade and costs billions. Repurposing an existing drug could cut that time in half.

The research, published in the journal eNeuro, points to a potentially safe way to help people regain control over drinking while improving their everyday functioning. For families watching loved ones struggle, that combination of safety and effectiveness represents a meaningful step forward.

Human trials are the next critical step to confirm these results translate to people. If successful, doctors could begin prescribing guanfacine for alcohol use disorder within years rather than decades.